International Embodied Carbon Data Availability:
A Review of Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) Availability in Europe, China, and Australia
Embodied carbon data is critical for project teams to measure and reduce the emissions of their buildings to meet company targets, green building certification requirements, and policy requirements.
Environmental product declarations (EPDs) report the embodied carbon and other environmental impacts of a product based on a life cycle assessment (LCA). EPD results are used in building analyses as emission factors for individual products and in procurement to compare the impacts of two functionally equivalent products. Product-specific EPDs are also sometimes compared against product-level embodied carbon — global warming potential (GWP) — targets or limits set in policy or project specifications to ensure products meet a minimum threshold for embodied carbon performance.
Product-level GWP limits establish a maximum embodied carbon value per unit for construction materials and are often based on product-level baseline GWP values. Carbon Leadership Forum (CLF) publishes Material Baselines — product-level global warming potential (GWP) baselines for building materials based on product-level emissions intensity data available in EPDs. Owners and project teams often use CLF baseline values as product-scale GWP limits or targets, including them in the construction project specifications. Currently, CLF Material Baselines are only available for North American construction products.
In summer 2025, CLF completed a landscape analysis of embodied carbon data availability in regions outside North America with the goals of:
- understanding how data availability varies globally;
- informing where targeted initiatives are needed to increase the availability of data; and
- determining whether adequate data exists to develop CLF Material Baselines outside North America.
This document summarizes our findings and provides initial insights into what data is available to inform low-carbon procurement efforts in Australia, China, and Europe. |